c
John
Maxwell
The
real function of the state is pretty simple: to protect and enhance the
interests of its members -- the people; to keep them safe and allow them to be
as happy as they can be by doing whatever they want to do without damaging the
interests of their neighbours.
The
state can never disappear in any reality, because there will always need to be
a trustee whose duty it is to enforce or guarantee fair play and to defend the
human rights and the property interests of the society.
The
idea of universal human rights is a comparatively recent invention and the
concept is steadily being extended, to recognise for instance, the fact that
the resources of the earth, from which all wealth is derived, must be
apportioned equitably among people and among nations. We are, for instance,
just beginning to acknowledge that clean air and water are essential human
rights and that no one has any right to damage these properties in their
private interest.
In
Ecuador the people have recently gone so far as to award rights to ‘Nature’
meaning that any interference with the natural world must be specifically and fully justified in the Public
Interest.
This
stewardship is the reason the state is compelled to intervene in matters as
disparate as climate change and in the threatened crash of the world financial
systems.
In
the United States, where the wide open spaces of the West gave birth to the
idea of Manifest Destiny and in Europe, where Africa was thought to be another
wide open space, nations and cultures interpreted their strength as licence to
plunder rape and murder whole populations on the ground that they were not
using their ’God-given’ endowment as profitably as they should be.
Plantation
slavery and the Industrial Revolution it
midwifed, seemed to allow the most ruthless exploitation of people and natural
resources. Which is why places like the Congo, Angola, Niger, Bolivia, Brazil,
and other places have been so ruthlessly exploited that their people remain
miserably poor while the foreign investors and their armies so richly rewarded
themselves. It is why the so-called ratings agencies in the US were able to
believe that junk securities issued by mortgage consolidators were worth more
than the bonds issued by starving developing countries. Not only were they
worth more, they attracted much lower interest rates because of their presumed
worth Big US companies like Caterpillar
are now aggrieved at having to pay ‘extortionate’ interest rates of 7% in the
current credit squeeze while developing countries like Jamaica consider
themselves lucky when they are asked for twice that.