Willow Walk

Keepers of the Dreams

John Maxwell

 

Teddy Kennedy can probably be best described in the very words with which he eulogised his older brother, Robert "…a good and decent man, who saw wrong and tried to right it, saw suffering and tried to heal it, saw war and tried to stop it." Edward Moore Kennedy, in death as in life, incites some of the best and the worst aspects of the American character. He was not a man about whom many people were neutral or lukewarm. The journalistic cliché factories are in full production and their output may be best summarised by this headline in the New York Times "Gifted and Flawed Legislator, 77, from a Storied family" That just about sums up most of what will be written about Ted Kennedy, although to be fair to the NYT, their coverage of his life was not as cliché-bound as the quoted headline might suggest. Born into privilege, Kennedy grew up as his family was being translated by the press and media into the American equivalent of royalty. He seemed born to be a playboy, a quintessential Irish charmer, who transformed himself by discipline and hard work into the best president the Americans have never had. David Broder, a journalist who knew him for nearly fifty years saw Kennedy as a man who always met his challenges head-on: "As a senator, as the de facto leader of liberal Democrats for decades, even as a failed presidential candidate, Ted Kennedy was always the same, pursuing his goals no matter the odds. Where brother Bob cautiously waited until Lyndon Johnson withdrew from the presidential race to begin his anti-Vietnam War campaign in 1968, Ted Kennedy in 1980 challenged the incumbent, Jimmy Carter, simply in the belief that Carter had abandoned the principles of the Democratic Party." Kennedy overcame challenges that would have floored most politicians, no matter how gifted and well-connected. The disaster at Chappaquiddick – where, drunk and probably asleep at the wheel, he drove his car off a bridge and into a river killing his passenger, a young woman named Mary Jo Kopechne – would probably have ended the career of any other politician, anywhere. Earlier, when his brothers John and Robert were murdered for their politics, he replaced them in the firing line without hesitation. He took the war to the Republican party, earning their particular scorn as a traitor to his class, a leftist liberal who championed the causes of the poor, most importantly for raising the minimum wage and fighting to the last to guarantee affordable health care to the poor. Stories of his kindness to people he did not know continue to surface. His was a regime of service to the American people and the people of the world that lasted forty years. He was, after Strom Thurmond and Robert Byrd, the longest serving American senator in history and a man of tremendous legislative accomplishments. He was simultaneously, the fiercest opponent of the GOP and yet one of the most bipartisan forces in the Senate – respected and even loved, by some of his opponents. He was both lion and lamb, a formidable warrior who preferred peace. In the end, Teddy Kennedy probably represents to non-Americans the truest symbol of the 'real America' of their dreams, a plain human being with obvious faults and even more extraordinary virtues. After he was defeated for the Democratic nomination he produced an epitaph for the campaign which fits his own life: "For me, a few hours ago, this campaign came to an end. For all those whose cares have been our concern, the work goes on, the cause endures, the hope still lives, and the dream shall never die."

Where is the Justice, Mr Mueller?

Few people in the United States of America appear to be aware that across the Atlantic in official circles and among the public there is considerable doubt that a credible case was ever made out against the Libyan al-Magrahi, the so-called Lockerbie bomber. Even President Obama has felt constrained to chide the Scottish authorities for releasing the terminally ill alleged bomber to return to his home in Libya, to die . To say as many Americans do, that the compassionate release of al-Magrahi devalues the suffering of the relatives of those slaughtered at Lockerbie is not only cruel, but stupid. Unfortunately the US media have never kept their audiences informed about the case. One who should know better is the director of the FBI, Mr Mueller, who was involved in the investigation. In a very personal response to the decision of the Scottish authorities Mr Mueller accuses them of making "a mockery of the emotions, passions and pathos of all those affected by the Lockerbie tragedy: the medical personnel who first faced the horror of 270 bodies strewn in the fields around Lockerbie, …But most importantly, your action makes a mockery of the grief of the families who lost their own on December 21, 1988. "…You apparently made this decision without regard to the views of your partners in the investigation and prosecution of those responsible for the Lockerbie tragedy." He accuses the Scots of "hiding behind opaque references to 'the need for compassion' ". Where, Mueller asks, is the justice? Oddly enough, another development this week brings up that very question. Former US army Lieutenant William Calley, now in his sixties, has apologised for his actions in the killing of over 300 people in My Lai during the Vietnam war. In a speech to his local Rotary Club, Calley said "I feel remorse for the Vietnamese who were killed, for their families, for the American soldiers involved and their families. I am very sorry." In reporting Calley's remorse last week the New York Times said: "Just before Mr. Calley was released in 1974, Linda Greenhouse reported in The New York Times that three months in a prison barracks had been "[Calley's] only prolonged incarceration." As Ms. Greenhouse wrote, powerful supporters intervened as soon as he was sentenced in 1971: "Three days after the conviction President Nixon ordered him released form the stockade at Fort Benning, Ga., and placed under house arrest in a comfortable two-bedroom apartment. There he received frequent visits from a staff of secretaries and a steady female companion." – New York Times, August 24, 2009. Where was the justice then? The relatives and friends of more than 70 Cubans, Barbadians and Guyanese blown out of the Barbadian sky in December 1976 are still waiting for justice. They know who ordered the mass murder, they know how he delegated and supplied his assassins, they know that the evidence against him is overwhelming, unlike the evidence against Megrahi. Yet this terrorist, this enemy of humanity is even now under the protection of the government of the United States, having been rescued from imprisonment in Panama and flown to safety in the US under the auspices of highly placed officials and agents of the US Government. This assassin is named Luis Posada Carilles – 'Bambi' to his friends. He lives in opulent comfort in Florida, safe from justice.

Since Mr Mueller of the FBI has the authority and the evidence,, and since terrorism is a crime against humanity, why does Mr Mueller not arrest and charge Posada Carriles?

Where is the justice Mr Mueller?

dark gospel

if you mistake plain truth for silly word

your punishment shall not be very light

shall not last merely one short day and night

you'll be cut out forever from the herd

rejected scorned listed with the absurd

treated as source of all disease and blight

you may think this is harsh not just nor right

but you're the loser now the hunted bird

honour was what we asked and what we gave

to reach the place where only angels sleep

to find it empty and the treasure gone

this world is conquered and become a grave

where even maggots nightly fear to creep

and we may wonder what it is we won

submissionary duty

you want us happy do not give us chance

keep us instead within a narrow gate

no options open to excite debate

absence of space for retreat or advance

but lots of room for leer or angry glance

tell each that there's no time for love or hate

that every place has been chosen by fate

and then demand that all must rise to dance

this is the law for those within the wall

who name it freedom when they do not die

no longer noticing the stale old stink

no longer hearing when fresh voices call

since each one's ear has been numbed by the lie

and no mind's left that even wants to think

Your Money or Your Life!

John Maxwell

Like an eighteenth century highwayman the world financial system has levelled a gun at Jamaica's head and told us to "Stand and Deliver" – 'hand over your valuables or else!' The Fitch Ratings Agency has told the government: Accept whatever conditionalities the IMF imposes or we will make it impossible for you to borrow money and you will default on your debts. Since there is no Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection for countries it is my view and has been for years that we should default, divert the interest payments from Cayman and Zurich to the Consolidated Fund and start making ourselves economically autonomous. At astroke we could double or triple the money available for government expenditure. What will the usurers do? Seize King's House? In the old uncensored versions of the highwayman stories, the first bandit stops the stage coach, instructs the women to tie up the men and then each other. Then, at his leisure, he and his band would go through everyone's pockets and purses. In the old tales sometimes the highwayman would ride off with his loot, leaving his victims helpless until a second highwayman – a confederate – would come upon the scene and 'realising' there was no loot to be had, would avail himself of the pleasures offered by the helpless women and girls while their husbands or brothers or fathers watched, helpless to intervene. Something very like that is now happening in Haiti and will soon begin to happen here. The criminal consequences of globalisation are beginning to be felt and not the least of them is loss of autonomy and sovereignty, the enslavement of the economy and the expropriation of the country's wealth. Over the last forty years the decolonisation of Empires has left hundreds of millions of people exposed to new, sophisticated buccaneers and freebooters, sporting Thatcher/Reagan/Ayn Rand letters of marque, giving them the authority to loot and plunder using techniques which would have astonished Sir Henry Morgan, Blackbeard and Lollonais, not to mention King Leopold of Belgium, Sir Basil Zaharoff and even J.P. Morgan and John D Rockefeller. IN one of the strange paradoxes of capitalist development it is the most resource-rich of the former colonies that are the deepest in misery. Africa, particularly in Nigeria, the Congo, Angola and South Africa are producing rivers of wealth for a few people in Zurich, New York and London. AS in Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela, Bolivia and Colombia, and as in Iraq, Saudia Arabia and that neighbourhood, the native populations watch open-mouthed as learned theoreticians attempt to develop theories to explain their poverty and misery as money is exported by the tanker load from their countries and sympathetic statesmen confide that, next year, or the year after, they will be in a position to help with a little alms. The World Bank says it is dedicated to eradicating poverty and the IMF is supposedly a collaborator in that effort. Yet, it seems fairly clear that Third World poverty will end only when Third World resources are exhausted and the globalisers go home, sometime late in the next millennium. As Fidel Castro pointed out to the Group of 77 summit in Havana in 2000: "Economic failure is evident. Under the neoliberal policies, the world experienced a global growth between 1975 and 1998 which hardly amounted to half of that attained between 1945 and 1975 with Keynesian market policies and the state's active participation in the economy." Castro said that was also true in Latin America where doctrinaire neoliberalism was applied. "After World War II Latin America ha no debt but today [2000] we owe almost one trillion dollars. This is the region with the highest per capita debt in the world and also the greatest income differences between the rich and the poor.> There are more poor, unemployed and hungry people in Latin America now than at any other time in history". The recent implosion of the world financial system exposed almost infinite levels of criminal complicity between various elements of the system. A conservative critic of the system, Martin Wolf of the Financial Times said: " A fundamental lesson concerns the way the financial system works. Outsiders were aware it had become a gigantic black box. But they were prepared to assume that those inside the box at least knew what was going on. This can hardly be true now. Worse, the institutions that prospered on the upside expect rescue on the downside. They are, alas, only too right to expect this. But this can hardly be a tolerable bargain between financial insiders and wider society. Is such mayhem the best we can expect? If so, how does one sustain broad public support for what appears so one-sided a game?"(Banque de France • International Symposium: Globalisation, inflation and monetary policy • March 2008) The ratings agencies and the huge worldwide auditing companies turned out to be an integral part of the scam. Prem Sikka, Professor of Accounting at the University of Essex. ,told the Treasury Committee of the British House of Commons : "I do not think the Big Four accounting firms are fit to conduct public watchdog functions. In my submission I have highlighted how they have been involved in running cartels, tax evasion, bribery, corruption, many other things; it is difficult to see how such entities can actually deliver the public interest function. Maybe that is one of the reasons why people in the market chose not to believe the unqualified audit report when auditors were saying all is well and the marketplace were saying "We do not believe you because you have a particular kind of a track record." The problem is compounded by the ratings agencies with their own massive conflicts of interest. Professor Joe Stiglitz says: The incentive structure of the rating agencies also proved perverse. Agencies such as Moody's and Standard & Poor's are paid by the very people they are supposed to grade. As a result, they've had every reason to give companies high ratings, in a financial version of what college professors know as grade inflation. The rating agencies, like the investment banks that were paying them, believed in financial alchemy—that F-rated toxic mortgages could be converted into products that were safe enough to be held by commercial banks and pension funds." Yet, these are the people who presume to tell us how to run our country. Fidel Castro has for decades been pointing out the system is not only corrupt, but insane. "The Third World is forced to immobilize financial resources and grow indebted to keep hard currency reserves in the hope that they can be used to resist the attack of speculators … this leads to the paradox that with their reserves, the poor countries are offering cheap long term financing to the wealthiest and most powerful country in the world while such reserves could be better invested in economic and social development." When Fitch piously expresses the hope that we can reduce our interest rates from the twenties to the teens it doesn't remark on the fact that ordinary homeowner mortgage borrowers in the US can borrow at less than half that. While Jamaica has never defaulted, it is treated with much less respect than privateers like Donald Trump, a professional gambler and airhead.. Nearly thirty years ago when the Trump group and the Jamaican government were facing cash flow probems and each owed about 4 billion dollars, Trump was able to make an accommodation with his creditors which allowed him to keep his yacht. We had to give up free education and food subsidies, among other extravagant public expenditures. If we default it will be a nine day wonder. It will cause hardship to the rich, to the coupon clippers, but will have hardly any effect on the poor unless of course, they insist on using Pampers and buying Pringles popcorn and ice-cream imported from France. If we tell the bankers that for the next ten years we will be paying them at normal rates of interest we will save half of the money we export to banks in foreign countries. We would immediately double the amount available for our budget and we could then begin to do what we really need to do, invest in small farmers, in poor people, particularly in women and children, and we could probably cut the murder rate in half, simply by getting all our children in schools and their fathers growing food and employed in building those schools. Fitch and Moody's and the rest will curse us, as they have been cursing Cuba for half a century. but Cuba's an infant death rate is lower than the US and its educational and health systems. are superior What exactly, have we got to lose?

no mystic symbol

no mystic symbol nothing so absurd

you wait for vain ceremony to end

meanwhile are bored and straining to attend

keeping in mind each false thing that occurred

not being halted in no way deterred

by each of those you know who might intend

the simple path of truth to twist or bend

or hide in shimmers the awakened bird

not much is taken but not much is due

to each of us this day except the right

to find our home where each desire is left

beside the place where no one else could rue

lost hopes and pain unhealed at fall of night

nor words all stripped of any human heft

Misrepresentation in Politics

John Maxwell

Recent remarks by the Prime Minister remind me of an old joke. A man who was being tried for murdering both his parents told the court he deserved clemency on the ground that he had recently become an orphan. Mr Golding is reported to have expressed his dissatisfaction with the legal processes which have left in limbo, the constituents 'represented' by 'Members of Parliament' whose legitimacy is now in question. I have long had a difficulty with the legal doctrine expressed by the Chief Justice and reinforced by the Court of Appeal. In my column – "Gaming the System" – published on May 31, I said: "In a letter to the Editor earlier this week I said I believed that the Chief Justice and the Court of Appeal were wrong when they decided that voters had not thrown away their votes when they voted for people who they were warned were not qualified to be elected. I need to withdraw that opinion and apologise for not having paid proper attention to what the judges actually decided.. "According to the judges, the voters were entitled to believe the then Director of Elections when he vehemently and quite erroneously, assured voters that they could ignore the PNP's warnings on the subject. As the law stands, the voters need to be unambiguously certain that they are voting for a candidate who is unqualified before they can be judged to have thrown their votes away. "There was no way they could be assured of the actual situation in time to do much about it. " I have after much thought, revised my opinion and I am now convinced that the Chief Justice and the Court of Appeal were wrong.

Heads they win, tails we lose

Their judgment and opinions have effectively put the electorate at a disadvantage in that the onus is placed on the voters to assure themselves of the bona fides of candidates for election while giving the people no means of determining whether they are buying what Jamaicans call "a puss in a bag". It is my view that all candidates offering themselves for election are duty bound to ensure that they are eligible for election and must be legally presumed to have no secrets which would disqualify them. By offering themselves for election, the candidates are effectively assuring the electorate that they are qualified to sit in Parliament. If the candidate knows, as he must, that his nationality disqualifies him, the fact that he offers himself for election is nothing short of fraud. He is employing false pretences to try to gain a privileged position. The result of the rulings by the Chief Justice and the Court of Appeal is that the fraudulent candidate retains his alien status if he loses the election but has the choice of surrendering his foreign citizenship if he wins. Consider the potential gain in his surrendering his alien status: as a Member of Parliament the fraudster will, after a ritual cleansing in the courts, be eligible for election and, if elected, be entitled to travel on an official or diplomatic passport. Talk about eating one's cake and having it! The fraudulent candidate wins either way, the electorate loses. As some assert, Jamaican citizenship is transformed simply into a convenience, a bagatelle. The freedom of travel guaranteed by an American passport is replaced by the greater freedom of travel represented by an official passport at the expense of the Jamaican people. In the instant cases, the Director of Elections was himself an alien and therefore disqualified from appointment to the job. His intervention therefore, was another fraud on the people and compounds the deficiencies suffered by a so-called sovereign electorate. The Vox Populi becomes the voice of America, and those of us who have worked all our lives to gain and sustain our national integrity, independence, sovereignty and autonomy are left wondering exactly what the struggle was about; why were so many of us denounced, tear-gassed, jailed, beaten, executed and murdered? I understand that it is a legal principle that a wrongdoer should not, if possible, be allowed to profit from his wrongdoing. In the case of the Alien MPs, the wrongdoers are not punished but rewarded. More than half a century ago, in 1955, Mr George F. Peryer lost his seat and was disqualified from standing as a parliamentary candidate for five years because Mrs. Rose Leon had during the election campaign, made false and defamatory statements on Peryer's platform about his opponent, Mr Percival Broderick. Mrs Leon was unseated and disqualified as might be expected, but it is striking that the law also penalised Peryer who was accused only of permitting Mrs Leon to tell lies about Mr Broderick unchallenged. It seems clear to me that Peryer, whose sin was one of omission or possibly ignorance, was expected to have known better and to have protected his status as a candidate by denouncing Mrs Leon's misstatements. The "Alien MPs" were guilty of far graver and more dangerous offences than Mr Peryer and even of Madame Rose, as serious as her offence was. She did attempt to mislead the electorate but not nearly as seriously as the Aliens who deliberately pretended to be something they were not, a form of personation not recognised in the law but even more dangerous than the offence of personation officially recognised – which deals with individual voters and not with an entire voters' list. The judges' decisions are faulty for another reason: they give more weight to the opinions of the Director of Elections than to the candidates who warned the electorate to beware of voting for unqualified people. As Mrs Leon discovered the Representation of the People Act (ROPA) prohibits false statements made on election platforms. Every PNP candidate who warned electors about the status of their opponent became instantly liable to be punished and disqualified if their statements were untrue. In those cases, therefore, the ROPA contains its own cure for misrepresentation, and the intervention by the putative "Director of Elections"' was not only improper political behaviour, but totally unwarranted and constituted a false statement made on behalf of candidates for election. Under the law it would seem to me that Mr Walker's misbehaviour disqualified all the "alien MPs' – if the ROPA is to be taken seriously. Mr Walker, the putative DOE was, like those for whom he vouched, rewarded for his misbehaviour. He was given another highly paid appointment in the service of the government. One wonders whether he has decided to become a Jamaican citizen. It is my view that all these questions require serious examination by the Constitutional Court. The present position flouts the spirit of the law, devalues the democracy of which we boast and the citizenship of every Jamaican.

devouring bird

now goldfinch angles to destroy a bloom

to work its hatred out upon a flower

a pretty bird but yet an angry doom

 

there has to be a reason we assume

and yet it seems to shred not to devour

now goldfinch angles to destroy a bloom

 

in the clear light on a day lacking gloom

no sign of cloud that would presage a shower

a pretty bird but yet an angry doom

 

for solemn purpose that seems to consume

hardworking bird harmless petals to scour

now goldfinch angles to destroy a bloom

 

as we peer curious from our quiet room

at the odd wonder of this summer hour

a pretty bird but yet an angry doom

 

to turn a garden spot into a tomb

a kind of solemn message of its power

now goldfinch angles to destroy a bloom

a pretty bird but yet an angry doom

Bauxite owes Jamaica Billions

John Maxwell

My friend Laurie Broderick is the Minister of State in the Ministry of Energy and Mining. Laurie is the son of Percival Broderick Snr. onetime PNP MP, Minister, and President of the Jamaica Agricultural Society. He is the younger brother of Dr Percival Broderick, onetime Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister of Agriculture. The Brodericks come from the hill country of Clarendon which was serious farming country before much of it was devastated by bauxite mining. According to the Gleaner, three Sundays ago, Laurie Broderick made what I think is one of the more extraordinary statements ever made by a Jamaican politician. Mr Broderick was reported as having said that the Government of Jamaica is to rehabilitate mined out lands to alleviate rural poverty. In his contribution to the sectoral debate "on Tuesday, July 21, the minister mentioned that 1,263 hectares of mined-out land in Manchester have been transferred to the commissioner of lands. He also reported that in June the government had acquired approximately 5,514 hectares of certified rehabilitated land in Manchester and St Ann.

Mr Broderick's statement startled me because, according to the laws of Jamaica, it is the bauxite companies who are supposed to rehabilitate mined out land and, as I pointed out in an earlier column, the bauxite companies are legally required to rehabilitate – a their own expense – all mined out land and that land is the property of the government.

In a column entitled "The enduring curse of bauxite (March 22 2009) I wrote

"The [Mining] Act requires mining companies to compensate Jamaica for every hectare of land mined but not restored. "Currently there are at least 2,669 hectares on which the companies owe us US$ 66,725,000 in one time compensation, at the rate of $25,000 per hectare. In addition the companies owe the people of Jamaica an additional US 2,500 per hectare for every year the land is not rehabilitated. According to my calculations, which are probably an underestimate, the companies owe us another US $150 to 350 million. We are talking real money here, our money– between US$200 million and US$400 million.
When is the government going to collect this debt?"

In our current situation where we need every dollar we can legally get, it seems to me scandalous that the Government of Jamaica is not taking steps to collect millions o dollars owed to the poor people of Jamaica by the bauxite companies. These companies are controlled by two of the richest men in the word, Marc Rich and Oleg Deripaska.
    As far as I am aware the government of Jamaica has taken no steps to secure the sovereign rights of the Jamaican people by collecting money which has been owed to us for a very long time. Furthermore, I believe we are entitled to know exactly who has certified the 5,514 acres of ' rehabilitated' land in Manchester and St Ann. I do not trust that description. As I have detailed in this column before now, I have no reason to be confident that either the Commissioner of Lands or the Jamaica Bauxite Institute understands their statutory duty in protection of the public interest. In an appearance before the Access to Information Tribunal two years ago, the Commissioner of Lands, in reply to my questions, said that it was his duty to protect the bauxite companies against the inquiries of such as the Jamaican Environment Trust. He actually enunciated principles and 'conventions'– later found to be non-existent - which he said governed dealings between mining companies and their regulators. He said these conventions made information about their activities trade secrets and matters of confidence. The ATI tribunal was not only unable to find any such protocols, we found that the worldwide mining industry, like most of tee world, is moving deliberately towards more openness in order to protect not only investors, but the public interest and particularly those citizens affected by mining. Far from owing a duty of confidence to the companies, he Commissioner according to law and practice, owed his duty to the public whose interest the law commands him to protect. I therefore have no confidence in the ability of the government's agents to secure our interests in this matter because in addition to the failures enunciated above, the JBI and the CM&G have never demanded, as they are required to do, Environmental Impact Assessments in relation to bauxite mining. This entails some horrendous costs to this country – costs which are legally recoverable from the bauxite companies. The companies and the past and current governments had been planning to destroy the precious heart of the Jamaica – the Cockpit Country – by mining and alumina refining. I believe that public opposition, combined with the fortuitous worldwide recession, is all that has so far saved the Cockpit Country which is the geological, biological cultural and historic heart of this country. If the bauxite companies were allowed to mine there they would complete the destruction of Jamaica's major water supplies and condemn the tourist industry to death. As it is, one of the major reasons for the misbegotten plan to destroy Falmouth in the interest of Royal Caribbean Cruise lines is the fact that Falmouth will be one of the few places in this region that there is sufficient water for the floating monstrosity that is designed to steal five thousand customers a week away from the Jamaica hotel industry. As I said in my March column, it is not simply the mining and land degradation for which we are owed compensation: "In addition to all this the companies are liable under international law to reclaim and make harmless nearly 100 million tons of red mud – an enterprise that would solve our unemployment problems for a decade or two and pay pensions to the bauxite workers.. In addition we are entitled to seek damages for the reclamation of the aquifers poisoned by red mud, under the Polluter Pays principle, endorsed in 1992 by P. J. Patterson in Rio." I am unable to understand why the movers and shakers of this society, knowing all these things, do not take steps to protect our financial integrity or our patrimony and our water supplies. If, as I believe, the ginnigogs managing bauxite are incompetent and and/or careless, is there no organ of the state to compel them to behave themselves and do their duty? When the law is so flagrantly flouted by those at the top of the society how can they in good conscience expect and demand that those at the bottom should respect and obey the law? Perhaps there may be other people who feel like me and who would join me in seeking a writ of mandamus compelling the competent authorities in bauxite to perform the responsibilities laid on them by Parliament and the people of Jamaica. Stay tuned.

Mud-Wrestling with the IMF

John Maxwell

I once calculated that given the track records of the IMF and the World Bank, their combined programmes aimed at eradicating world poverty would require at least another thousand years of effort to work. At that, my calculations could not assure me that the two heavyweights of international Finance would succeed in eradicating poverty before they managed to eradicate the poor. Jamaicans and other poor people round the world are well aware that so-called Structural Adjustment Programmes were really designed to radically reduce our capacity to develop ourselves while allegedly making us more attractive to rich benefactors – in the same way that Indian beggars mutilate themselves in order to attract more pity and theoretically, more alms. Special Employment Programmes – intended to provide jobs mainly for women while improving public amenity – were verboten and state ownership of productive enterprises were similarly beyond the pale since they risked making the state more able to fend for itself and make the lives of its citizens more bearable. Besides which, as superstition has it, private enterprise is always superior to public. This nonsense was disproved in the fifties when Norman Manley bought out and operated the Bronstorph Ice factory which, without subsidy or any state assistance, almost caused the bankruptcy of the Kingston Ice Factory, then owned by Jamaica's leading family of 'industrialists'. He also started Zero Processing and Storage, now making millions for private enterprise under another name. The fantasy was again disproved in the seventies by the state-owned National Commercial Bank which quickly became Jamaica's largest and most profitable bank, although most government accounts remained where they had always been, with the Bank of Nova Scotia. It was proved again by the State Trading Corporation which was able to reduce the consumer price of 'bully beef' by nearly 50% in its first month of operation and by the Agricultural Marketing Corporation which while raising the income of its farmer-suppliers, reduced the cost of food to the consumer, again without subsidy. These facts are irrelevant to the Creationist capitalists and their allies in the IMF/World Bank. It was N.W. Manley who began the Jamaican programme of 'industrialisation by invitation' and, as Bob Lightbourne's PR man, I wrote a great deal of the publicity designed to attract foreign direct investment. It took us fifty years to discover that unless you were blessed with mineral wealth or your government was expert at keeping its population docile as in Singapore or Indonesia, you could send out investment invitations t to every millionaire on the planet and still find that the only jobs from foreign investment were in sweatshops and other approximations of slavery. In 1919, according to the Jamaica Agricultural Society's Journal, the Jamaica Government Railway (JGR) brought into Kingston 50 tons of butter from producers in the countryside. Today, most of our butter comes from New Zealand, 14,000 miles away. Our ice cream comes from Paris and Vancouver and Florida and the Dominican Republic while a perfectly good milk processing plant at Montpelier was destroyed by Mr Seaga's government. Our agricultural experimental stations – where Dr Lecky developed three breeds of world class cattle and where Department of Agriculture scientists developed varieties of citrus new to the world – were similarly burnt offerings to the IMF and its sponsors. While we are building superhighways to enchant the day-tripping tourist, our farmers – those that survive – must depend on some of the worst roads in the world and commuters in the capital city take one hour to drive one mile from King's House Gate to Barbican Square.

villanelle for emancipation day

free folk who turn their backs on the sweet cane

for bitter striving on the mountainside

don't count hard labour now as any pain

 

since now there is good reason to hold strain

while men on horseback dare not shout nor chide

free folk who turn their backs on the sweet cane

 

whose feet are moving uphill from the plain

towards the places where they used to hide

don't count hard labour now as any pain

 

when it's all yours when none of it's in vain

as hopes are reached and none of them denied

free folk who turn their backs on the sweet cane

 

have seas to cross and great dreams to attain

their inner voices have made them decide

don't count hard labour now as any pain

 

they will not fall back to bondage again

but face the world with proper joy and pride

free folk who turn their backs on the sweet cane

don't count hard labour now as any pain